Nickel And Dimed By Barbara Ehrenreich - 1192 Words

In ‘Nickel and Dimed† by Barbara Ehrenreich, the main claim made by the author was that the low-working class are, in general, forced into an inescapable cycle of poverty. The low paying jobs they have to take are barely enough to pay rent, buy food, and other necessities. This doesn’t even include those in less favorable conditions than those Ehrenreich mimicked in her experiment. In general, Ehrenreich was trying to prove that the â€Å"living wage† offered by entry level jobs is not, in fact, â€Å"livable†. The significant supporting evidence provided in the book included Ehrenreich’s first hand experiences of mimicking (to her best abilities) what low-wage workers live everyday, as well as a plethora of supporting facts and statistics. All of Ehrenreich’s evidence was heavily supported with reliable resources. Based on the facts she presented, I agree with her claim that the majority of low-wage workers get stuck in poverty as a res ult of the entry-level workforce system as a whole. The evidence regarding statistics was very valid and well cited, and her first-hand experiences, while with possible flaws, only worked to further support what she was claiming. Ehrenreich’s methodology of obtaining evidence was very direct, and proved to show a plausible experience that most of the low-class would have in a best-case scenario. By that I mean in some of the best circumstances (no children, no serious medical needs, ect.), it is reasonable to assume that Ehrenreich’s experiences areShow MoreRelatedNickel And Dimed, By Barbara Ehrenreich1636 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod. Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, by Barbara Ehrenreich, specifically highlights a more modern time period, from the late 1990s to the early 2000s. Within this narrative, author Barbara Ehrenreich depicts her struggles of finding equality within the multitude of jobs she works in order to make a living throughout multipl e parts. She strongly asserts, within the breadth of her anecdotes, that the American Dream is not easily attainable. In accordance to Nickel and Dimed: On (Not)Read MoreNickel And Dimed By Barbara Ehrenreich1494 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich, the author goes on an experiment in which she moves to new towns and becomes a low-wage worker. In each town she has to find a place to live for the amount she can afford each month off of minimum wage jobs. She went undercover so she went into these jobs without showing her level of skills, college degrees, or writing skills she has. She spent a month in each town between the years of 1998 and 2000. Before starting her experiment she set rulesRead MoreNickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich1721 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Barbara Ehrenreich began her research to explore how people attempting to move from welfare to work are managing—if at all. This exploration also extended to those who are apart of the working class and having not been on welfare. Attempting to place herself in the position of her subjects, Ehrenreich strived to see if she were able to survive on the minimal income provided by a series of low level and low paying jobs. In was her foreknowledge of laws and the inclusion of these lawsRead MoreNickel And Dimed By Barbara Ehrenreich1670 Words   |  7 PagesNickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich is a book about trying to survive while living on a minimum wage salaryWhen first reading this book, I thought it was just going to be another book assigned that I just didn’t want to read After reading the first few pages, I was very intrigued, I began reading way ahead what was assigned for the week I m glad I actually got into this book because it made it so much easier to read She goes and starts her life over in different cities in order to see if itRead MoreNickel And Dimed By Barbara Ehrenreich2290 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Great Depression, but who’s to say that we have recovered from it? My claim is supported by Barbara Ehrenreich, an American author, who published a novel called Nickel and Dimed which digs deep into the economic situation in the early 90’s. Ehrenreich decided to run an experiment becoming a blue collar worker to see if she can manage to make a living on low wages. She later blogs of Nickel and Dimed in 2011 to see if any change has taken place, and a possible inside on how things would be if sheRead MoreNickel And Dimed On By Barbara Ehrenreich1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe article â€Å"Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting By In America† written by Barbara Ehrenreich, who has a PHD in biology, informs the reader about the struggle a low-wage worker in America has to go through. Ehrenreich goes undercover and tak es low-wage jobs to experience how a person with minimum wage of $6-$7/hour survives. During her experiment Ehrenreich only uses the money she earns from her job to pay rent, buy groceries,do laundry, pay for phone, and car. Throughout the article Ehrenreich’s purposeRead MoreEhrenreich s Nickel And Dimed, By Barbara Ehrenreich1284 Words   |  6 Pages A Call to Action In her novel, Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich states the working poor should be categorized as a â€Å"state of emergency,† and while that may first appear as extreme title, it would certainly promote action in our society. This â€Å"call to action† is one of the main motivations behind Ehrenreich’s writing of this novel. If viewing the working poor as a state of emergency promotes society to take action, then so be it. It is clear from Ehrenreich’s novel that the life of the workingRead MoreBarbara Ehrenreich s Nickel And Dimed978 Words   |  4 Pagesperforms â€Å"down.† By using the excerpt Serving in Florida from Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich and the play, Six Degrees of Separation, by John Guare, we see how performing different classes than the one each person is a part affect themselves and those around them In Barbara Ehrenreich’s Nickel and Dimed, Barbara went â€Å"undercover† to perform and learn about a class that was not her own. Although it was for only a month, Barbara struggled to keep up the effort and survive in a lower class thanRead MoreNickel And Dimed By Barbara Ehrenreich Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pagesor three-part time jobs, or working full time at low-wage paying jobs. However, working full time or having two or three part-time jobs, still isn’t enough to make ends meet, support themselves, and their families. In the novel, Nickel and Dimed (2015), Barbara Ehrenreich, the author, does a great job going into the workforce to be employed as a low wage worker, plus acquiring information about how low wage workers make ends meet. Ehrenreich’s reasoning to do so is for research purposes. AlthoughRead MoreAn Analysis Of Nickel And Dimed By Barbara Ehrenreich3343 Words   |  14 PagesNickel and Dimed Analysis 1. What is the topic? Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich is the autobiography of when Barbara went undercover to find out more about the life of a medium wage worker. She first goes to work in Key West, Florida at the restaurant â€Å"Hearthside†. She had worked there for a couple of weeks realizing how incredibly strenuous it was being a waitress especially when under a boss named Phillip that is constantly bickering and ranting on how poor of a job she is doing by having

A Worn Path Struggle For Racial Equality Essay - 1522 Words

A Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics have speculated that this short story represents the love a grandmother shows for her grandson. Others say this story represents life and death, where Phoenix represents an immortal figure. Dennis J. Sykes disagrees with the other critics by saying,†¦show more content†¦The red also represents the confederate flag for the Civil War. Phoenix wearing the red flag shows how the south always had a hold on the slaves. When thinking of the words dark and striped, most are reminded of prisone rs in a jail cell, which is just what the slaves were in the 1700’s and 1800s, prisoners to the white. The dark striped dress Phoenix was wearing represents a black and white jail cell uniform for prisoners. Welty used the main character, Phoenix, to be her representation of slaves and blacks. With a character like Phoenix, many get a grasp on what blacks really have gone through and what they still may be going through now. The author uses her characters, both human and animal, to exhibit the obstacles blacks must face in everyday life. Dennis J. Sykes agrees in his article, â€Å"A Critical Analysis of the Worn Path† that â€Å"Phoenix Jackson’s †¦ encounters with other characters illustrates the theme of impending black equality and amalgamation in the south after Civil War† (np). The characters, including the white hunter and black dog, Phoenix runs into in the story represent different individuals of all colors which present obstacles in a perso n such as Phoenix’s life. When the hunter comes along, the author describes him as white. She could have left his color out of the description, but she obviously felt it important to mention to herShow MoreRelatedA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction James Saunders wrote an interesting article â€Å"’A Worn Path’ The Eternal Quest of Welty’s Phoenix Jackson† (The Southern Literary Journal 25.1, Fall 1992: p62-73.) that not only analyzed Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† (The Collected Works of Eudora Welty) from his perspective but also included the perspectives of other authors which makes his article an excellent source for interpretations of ‘A Worn Path’. Summary Saunders article summarizes Phoenix Jackson as a symbol of the ChristianRead MoreA Worn Path Summary805 Words   |  4 PagesThere are several different interpretations of A Worn Path, by Eudora Welty. Some believe that it is a story about life and death or about strength. While others believe it is about the love that a grandmother has for her grandchild. Although I am not completely opposed to the opinions of others, it is clearly a story that demonstrates a theme of racial inequality and the struggles African Americans had to endure to obtain freedom. The path itself is a symbol that makes it apparent that thisRead MoreAn Evaluation of ‚Äà ºA Worn Path‚Äà ¹932 Words   |  4 PagesAn Evaluation of â€Å"A Worn Path† ENG125 07/22/12 The worn path written by Eudora Welty (1941) is a great short story about Phoenix Jackson, an old African American woman who beats all odds to make a trip into town for medicine for her grandson, she overcomes many challenges that test her courage and will. Because of her loyalty and love, Phoenix has sacrificed her own well-being on this dangerous path for the well-being of her grandson. The worn path theme is the love and dedicationRead MorePerspectives on Hope: Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, and Maya Angelous Still I Rise1594 Words   |  7 Pagesis defined, whether it is a belief or a feeling, hope is the idea of something bigger than oneself. The application of hope can provide comfort, strength and encouragement. Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† is a story of one woman’s hopeful, determined journey. Overcoming every obstacle and distraction in her path, she perseveres in order to complete her objective. Similarly, Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Still I Rise† tells the story of strength and resilience during adversity. The poem is a celebration of the enduranceRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God893 Words   |  4 Pagestruth, role and self. (Bond 59). As Janie’s quest for self-discovery emerges from her path in life, the quest eventually ends when her mind is freed from mistaken reality. Through self-discovery and becoming of reality, she gained a great amount of maturity. Another important theme portrayed throughout is the idea of sexism. Male dominance plays a big role throughout the novel, and silence crosses every racial and cultural boundary for women. This characterizes Janie as she spends nearly half herRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1110 Words   |  5 Pagesrole and self. (Bond 59). As Janie’s quest for self-discovery emerges from her path in life, the quest eventually ends when her mind is freed from mistaken Brooks 2 reality. Through self-discovery and becoming of reality, she gained a great amount of maturity. Another important theme portrayed throughout is the idea of sexism. Male dominance plays a big role throughout the novel, and silence crosses every racial and cultural boundary for women. This characterizes Janie as she spends nearly halfRead MoreEssay about Music Played Key Role in US Civil Rights Movement3693 Words   |  15 Pagesmovement by giving them more voice to bring out their grievances. According to Kerk (2007, p.18) Martin Luther king was the most prolific figure who utilized music to sensitize society, â€Å"we believe that freedom songs play a big and vital part in the struggle that we are going through† this words were also echoed by the Albany movement â€Å"music keeps us a live, it gives us a sense of unity, new courage every dawn, hope to move on that the future still holds something in our most daring and dreadful hours† Read More James Baldwin’s Visions Of America and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory3465 Words   |  14 Pages James Baldwin’s Visions Of America and Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many immigrant and minority narratives concentrate their efforts on the positive side of the American dream. These particular stories narrate a persons struggle and rise through the ranks of the Am6rican hierarchy focusing on the opportunities that seem to abound in this country. While these stories are well and good. they do seem to soft peddle the flip side of this countrys attitude toward the immigrant andRead More Jackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Essay3760 Words   |  16 PagesJackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Baseball has always been known as Americas pastime. But Americas pastime, along with Americas past, have both been saturated with the brutal force of racism. For hundreds of years, from the time of slavery until the middle of the 20th century, African-American children rounded up their friends and headed to the baseball diamond. There, for thousands of young black players, the smell of the grass, the cloud of dust that formed when

Life as a Teacher Free Essays

Education is the only way to help a person succeed. Despite all the government cuts in the schools children don’t stop learning. As well they are learning at an early age as early as the age of their first few months. We will write a custom essay sample on Life as a Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children need and use everyday items to help them grown and learn to succeed in life. The government is cutting programs not only in day cares but in Regular Schools. These programs are here to help the children achieve what they wanna do in life. Not only life’s goals but their dreams as well. One thing I have noticed in being a childcare teacher kids start learning at an infant stage just by looking at wind chimes to simple solid colored balls. An infant teacher can put a bucket of water or different colored blocks in front of the infant and there are many things the child experiences when they are introduced to items like these. Children begin to learn about senses, touch, smell to colors of things. This is where children begin to learn to say first words to their very first steps. Second as they begin to progress in their early stages they begin to explore new things such as walking and picking up things. When they move into a toddler waddler room they learn new things such as jumping on two feet to putting on a shirt. Some people don’t realize a lot of the time parents do not have the time to work with their children a lot of the time they miss out on their development stages. We as teachers see the need of the kids and help them grow into people who can be independent in their life’s. Toddlers begin to explores more senses such as touch, feel, smell and taste. This is a big key in their stages of growing. Lastly as they begin to learn about their colors and numbers and shapes in the toddler class they move into a preschool area where materials are a big key. This year the government is cutting back on programs that help us with materials for the students to grown in the development stages. A lot of the time we as teachers who don’t make a lot have to bring items that we have at home to work with in the class room. Preschoolers enjoy these things and helps them with recognizing things as well as using them at home with parents. You can give a child paper and macaroni and the child will make something remarkable such as a house. Day cares and early childhood schools are a big role in a child’s life. This is where they begin to learn about different areas in school. As a teacher it brings me such joy to see how far my kids have come in learning and growing. Just the simple items that I might have bring many creative ideas to a child’s mind. Governments only concern about America is money. To a lot of us its the child’s education and growth. It takes a lot of gift to be a teacher and brings such joy to our faces when the child succeeds. How to cite Life as a Teacher, Essay examples

Communication Technologies Sustainability -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Communication Technologies Sustainability? Answer: Introduction Strategic information system defines a set of guidelines for the organisation. The organisations can make appropriate plans and strategies following the guidelines. The strategies will help the companies to enrich their business operations. The organisations can even get the competitive edge due to the adaptation of the strategic information system. The organisations can store data; the organisations can access data and process data better easily and effectively with the aid of the information system (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2018). The strategic information system provides several scopes to the organisations so that the existing business operations can get enhanced. The report chooses St.George Bank as the case study. The bank is being suggested to take up the strategic information to enrich their business functionalities. The bank with the help of strategic information system can serve customers well (Asare and Conger 2018). The customers can get enhanced security, and they can enjoy St.George Bank banking service. St.George Bank can store data; can access data and process data in the agile and effective way. The strategic information system can help St.George Bank to accompany Westpac in conducting the financial activities (Baird 2018). The report illustrates the strategic information system's six major components. There are several risks and challenges associated with the project activities. The planners have faced several challenges while implementing the strategic information system on their premises. The report illustrates the challenges. The components like end-user computing, outsourcing has been defined in the report. The IS strategy de finitely adds value to enterprises. The report elaborates on details how St.George Bank should use strategic information system for the betterment of the bank. The strategic information has the capability to bring innovations in the bank premises. The strategic information system also helps in evaluating the internal control. Discussion St.George Bank is one of the banks of Australia, headquarter of the bank is located in Sydney. St.George Bank merges with Westpac Banking Corporation in the year 2008. The bank provides services to the customers of New South Wales. St.George Bank also offers service in Western Australia, Victoria and Queensland. They also conduct business activities and financial activities in Northern Territory and South Australia under Bank SA, Bank SA is a division of Westpac well (Asare and Conger 2018). St.George Bank has a large number of subsidiaries in Australia. The bank has also many ATMs based in Australia. St.George Bank conducts back office operations in India as well. In the year 2007, Paul Fegan was appointed as the CEO of St.George Bank. Gail Kelly was CEO of St.George Bank earlier. He departed St.George Bank in the year 2007 and became CEO of Westpac Banking Corporation group (Baird 2018). In the year 2008, both St.George Bank merged with Westpac. St.George Bank is known to provide customer friendly and customer oriented services. The bank competes with the big four banks of Australia, though they are part of Westpac. St.George Bank at one time was identified as the customer service leader, but they failed to retain their position. The big four banks of Australia grab the top position. However, recent survey illustrates that St.George Bank is trying to regain their position. They are trying to fill up their loopholes (Kamariotou and Kitsios 2018). St.George Bank provides specialisation in home and customer lending, however, the bank now provides funding service to the specialist industries. They also provide funding services to various market segments which include trade finance, invoice discounting, commercial property construction, automotive finance and foreign exchange. The Automotive Finance division works under St.George Finance Limited. St.George Bank planned to shift their back office job operations in India. St.George Bank conducts cards and loan services work at IBM in Bangalore. Comparing and contrasting the issues and the challenges that can St.George Bank faces The financial organisations including the bank face several issues and challenges while implementing the strategic information system on their premises. The report will elaborate the challenges in details. The report has compared and contrasted the challenges in details (Bryson 2018). The public sector banks as well as the private sector banks while they try to adopt the IT strategy on their premises. The banks have also struggled to maintain the IT strategy on their premises. i) Private Sector: The private sector banks have struggled throughout because of all the risks and the challenges in their sector and they are- a) Risk Management: the private sector bank has struggled due to the issue of risk management. The government banks tend to get more security but the private sector banks cannot avail such security (Hassan and Mathiassen 2018). That is why they are more concerned about the security. For the security loopholes, the bank can face heavy losses. b) Additional banks emergence: Many new banks have emerged in recent times and so the private banks compete with each other all the time. The involvement of other banks can be a threat to the private sector banks (Baidya et al. 2018). The private sector banks can face heavy losses due to the involvement of other banks. c) Launching new items: The private banks always focus on innovation. They always try to bring in new features and new schemes in the enterprises. The customers and the clients can dislike the new approach and the new schemes. In this case, the bank can face heavy losses. d) Interest Rate: The private sector bank can suffer from the high-interest rate challenge (Hassan and Mathiassen 2018). The bank offers many services, but it is of no use if the customers are not able to afford the bank services. The company planners can face issues while adopting the IT strategy. The private banking sectors also face issues while maintaining the IS strategy on their premises. St.George Bank is a private sector faces all these kind of issues (Baidya et al. 2018). The issues have been discussed n details in the report. ii) Public Sector: The public banking sectors face several challenges and risks like the private banking sector while adopting the IS strategy. The business planners will have to face several challenging scenarios while carrying out the business activities. The probable challenges that they can face are- a) Capital Base: The public sector bank can suffer due to the poor capital base. The banks collect the capital base through a public offering. The public sector banks earn relatively low capital base in comparison to private sector banks. b) Less number of bank branches: The public sector banks have less number of bank branches (Foote and Halawi 2018). The public sector banks contain a minimal number of branches. The less number of branches can prove to be a threat or challenge for the public bank. Moreover, they have fear of losing subsidiaries. c) Technology gap: Technology gap can be a serious threat to the public sector bank. The public sector banks are using technologies which are obsolete, the technologies they use contain security concerns and at the same time, the technologies are inefficient. d) Poor quality service offered: The public sector banks offer services that are of poor quality. They are heavily criticised for the poor quality (Peppard 2018). The banks are not offering the desired service; also the banks are not meeting the demands of the customers. The report illustrates the challenges the public banking sectors are suffering from. St.George Banks IS adaptation and critical Evaluation of IS Strategy St.George Bank can implement the IS strategy for their own benefits and they must undertake- i) Updating existent St.George Banks IS strategy: St.George Bank must take the responsibility to make necessary update in the system (Foote and Halawi 2018). The updated system will be fast and effective; it will include the security patches so the bank will not have to worry about the security breaches. ii) Assigning new workers: St.George Bank must discard the prevalent information system. St.George Bank will have to take up the new management system. The management body can be benefitted with the aid of the latest IS strategy (Peppard 2018). They will have to hire talented, diligent and creative individuals, these individuals will improvise the business operations if the bank. iii) Appropriate maintenance of St.George Banks system and database: St.George Bank can manage the financial services and the business activities with the help of advanced IS strategy (Wu and Raghupathi 2018). The advanced IS strategy can be helpful in maintaining database and system. iv) Managing Security: The IS strategy can assist in ensuring the privacy and security in St.George Bank premises. Security is an important aspect that every organisation must consider and they should not compromise at any cost. Security can help St.George Bank to gain customer trust (Bergamaschi 2018). The customers can feel safe while conducting online internet banking, mobile banking with the help of the information system. St.George Banks facilitates after adaptation of new and innovative ideas St.George Bank can enhance the financial activities of the bank with the aid of the strategic information system. There are seven approaches associated that can improvise the business activities and they are as follows- i) Mandate creation: Creating mandate is one sort of approach. The approach can be beneficial for St.George Bank to enrich their business activities. A mandate paves the ay by which St.George Bank can implement changes in their bank premises. the mandate contains certain strategies and these strategies can improve the bank operations of St.George Bank. The top-level management of St.George Bank will have to respond to create the mandate (Bergamaschi 2018). The top-level management will have to take the initial step. The management body will have to assign people having passion for creating mandate. The new employees will have to take initiative for the improvement of the bank. ii) Be any Model: Be any model is an initiative and St.George Bank following be any model can bring innovation in the bank premises. The top-level management must choose appropriate methodologies so that that can work smoothly for the bank (Wu and Raghupathi 2018). St.George Bank should give priority to the creative thinking that can facilitate the business activities. iii) Discuss issues and challenges with workers as well as stakeholders: St.George Bank should make use of information system effectively so that it can analyse and mitigate the issues. St.George Bank will have to fill up the existing loopholes and must focus on the problem solving methodologies. They must make critical decisions so that the business operations can get enhanced. St.George Bank should train their employees in such a way that they can resolve the issues (Mao et al. 2018). The employees must have the expertise and the skills so that they can mitigate issues and come up with some best solutions. iv) Developing diligent dedicated team: St.George Bank must have a dedicated team that is capable to analyse the issues, in this way St.George Bank can acknowledge the best possible ways by which the issues can be minimised (Vom Brocke and Mendling 2018). The team can find out any other alternate solutions by which St.George Bank can improve their business operations. v) George Bank catering access to the users and customers: St.George Bank works with the customers. St.George Bank must provide the customers with proper login access. The feedback of the customers is absolute necessity for running the business (Mao et al. 2018). The bank can only improve or can make further progress in business on the basis of the customers feedback. vi) Designing Systems and Building System: St.George Bank must modify the existing system in such a way so that the bank makes profit. The new management system will give St.George Bank the competitive edge so that they can stay ahead of all other banks. The management team will provide the best solutions by which they can be benefitted. vii) Implementing a business network with all employees of the bank: The employees working in St.George Bank must establish a business network (Carugati et al. 2018). The employees must discuss with each other and make appropriate plans so that the business activities as well as the financial activities can be carried out smoothly and effectively. Outsourcing vs End-User Computing in St.George Bank Outsourcing is the approach following which St.George Bank can offer numerous functionalities to the service partners. St.George Bank can get the scope to work with the best partners or the best employees in the business (Kasemsap 2018). The outsourcing also involves the transfer of employees from one organisation to another organisation. End-user computing offers a platform to the non-programmer, there the non-programmers work with various applications. The end-user computing engages the end-users into the computing environment. Outsourcing has been chosen for this report. The IS/IT strategy adaptation can be turning point for St.George Bank. The Director can deploy it in their premises to gain huge profit (Hajrullahi, Idrizi and Rahmani 2018). The report explains how the Director can be benefitted with the aid of the IS/IT new strategies and they are- i) George Bank should focus on Basic Actions: St.George Bank can embellish their business activities with the aid of the information system. The outsourcing activities can ease the financial activities of the bank. St.George Bank should focus on the basic activities to attain the maximum profit (Kasemsap 2018). St.George Bank must focus on outsourcing of financial operations as well as the business operations of St.George Bank. ii) Expenses Savings and Efficiency in St.George Bank: St.George Bank must focus on the outsourcing activities and all these activities can assist in expense savings. The efficiency of St.George Bank can get enhanced (Baporikar 2018). St.George Bank can gain maximum profit via savings expenses. iii) Reducing Overhead: Outsourcing activities assist in reducing the overhead cost. The approach of lessening cost overhead can be beneficial for St.George Bank (Demertzis, Iliadis and Anezakis 2018). The overhead cost to conduct the back-office operations is quite expensive at times. iv) George Bank Control in Operations: St.George Banks financial activities can go beyond control, the outsourcing activities help in maintaining those business operations. There are several departments of St.George Bank; those departments can struggle as a result of poor administration (Ding, Jiang and Su 2018). The outsourcing activities can cater St.George Bank the best solution by which they can furnish the business activities. the bank can get cost-effective service as well. v) Flexibility of staff in George Bank: The adaptation of new management system can create problems for the organisations irrespective of the financial organisations. St.George Bank is one of them. The flexibility in staffing is one of the aspects that must be taken into consideration related to outsourcing (Havakhor, Soror and Sabherwal 2018). The employees working in the bank contribute to large extent. All the departments of the bank can be managed well with the assistance of outsourcing. vi) Risk Management in St.George Bank: The risk management is another aspect that must be taken into considerations by all the organisations. St.George Bank risk management team must look at the potential risks for which the bank can suffer (Demertzis, Iliadis and Anezakis 2018). The employees and the management team of St.George Bank must analyse the risks well, the outsourcing activities can help to mitigate those risks. St.George Bank after minimising risks can be able to invest more to the business. vii) Develop Internal Staff in St.George Bank: Each and every project can become successful if the employees and the staffs work well in the project. In St.George Bank, the management team must provide appropriate training to the staffs (Baporikar 2018). The training will assist the workers so that they can sharpen their skills and deliver their best (Chan, Mo and Moon 2018). The employees can bring innovations within the bank premises and the St.George Bank can acquire several advantages due to the innovative approaches taken by the employees. Strategic Information adding value to St.George Bank with the help of IT/ IS Strategy i) Establishing Strategic Information Role: Strategic information system adaptation definitely adds value to each and every organisation. Strategic information system is capable to provide multiple benefits to St.George Bank and all these strategy aspects have been explained in details in the report (Agola 2018). The strategies have been elaborated below. They are- The first phase provides the appropriate information that is needed to investigate the business operations. The first stage includes the management staffs behavioural traits (Karajeh, Maqableh and Masadeh 2020). The stage also includes the expenses that the management team of St.George Bank must pay. In this stage, St.George Bank can acknowledge who are their competitors. the second stage involves the specific strategies- The strategic decisions depend on To target the relevant market Location of the office premises Designing new items (Song, Arnott and Gao 2018) Launching new items Promoting the products Budget allocated for the project Identifying customers needs: St.George Bank must fulfil all the demands of the customers. The bank must give priority to the customers. St.George Bank should cooperate with the customers and will have to listen to the queries, in this way they can serve the customers well and can gain customer support. St.George Bank can increase their customer base. The bank can enhance their market share as well (Weinman 2018). St.George Bank can get competitive advantage as well due to adaptation of the information system strategies. iii. Market segmentation: Market segmentation is another aspect of the running the business operations. The market segmentation can help St.George Bank in segmenting the business process and office departments (Chan, Mo and Moon 2018). The market segment helps in creating a group of customers. Critically discussion of Good Internal Control Each and every organisation must consider the Good Internal Control. The report explains the characteristics of good internal control. The business activities can get furnished with the aid of the effective internal control (Song, Arnott and Gao 2018). The business assets can be made secure with the aid of the internal control. Control Environment: Control environment involves the companys approach towards internal control. The report illustrates St.George Banks initiative towards the internal control of the business activities (Tahir 2020). The mishaps can occur in St.George Bank if the banks management system overrides the controls that are in place. The internal control can be at risks as a result of management override of controls. Risk Assessment: Risk Assessment can measure the threats and the risks associated with the bank. St.George Bank via implementation of effective risks management can acknowledge the threat beforehand. This can help the bank to identify the threats earlier and they can take initiative based on the threats (Shen 2018). St.George Bank thus can safeguard their branches from challenges and threats. Communication: The communication elements analyse components that are associated with the internal control. The communication elements are helpful for the workers; the workers can be able to perform efficiently due to all these communication components. Monitoring: The effective monitoring can assist St.George Bank in various ways. The management body of St.George Bank can manage the business and the financial activities with the help of the effective monitoring. The management body can track the ineffective control within St.George Bank premises (Sassen 2018). St.George Bank can acknowledge the changes made in the system and they can be able to accomplish the business activities within the given time period with the help of effective monitoring. Control Activities: The management body of the organisations generally carries out the control activities. St.George Banks management team must implement the internal control efficiently. The control activities can assist St.George Bank to know the problems which they are facing (Chan, Mo and Moon 2018). The analysis result is prepared and the analysis result can help the employees, the management body and the stakeholders of St.George Bank to design the system. Thus the internal control can help St.George Bank in performing the business activities. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that the strategic information system is helpful for organisations to enhance the business activities. St.George Bank can be similarly benefitted by the help of the strategic information system. The bank with the help of innovative approach and effective decision making can earn maximum profits. St.George Bank with the implementation of strategic information system can meet the business deliverables. St.George Bank must adopt the strategic information system and should improvise the existing management system. The strategic information system will change the prevalent system and the database. They can gain the competitive edge with the help of the help of the strategic information system. The stakeholders, the customers and the employees of St.George Bank can be facilitated with an adaptation of strategic information system. Enterprise Resource Planning is the option St.George Bank should adopt for their bank premises. St.George Bank can b ecome famous and can become one of the top four banks in Australia. The report explains about end-user computing activities and outsourcing activities. The report illustrates the internal control too, References Agola, N.O., 2018. Strategic Fundamentals of Knowledge and Information Management for Social and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries.International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East (IJICTRAME),7(1), pp.1-18. Asare, E. and Conger, S., 2018. Analyzing the Impact of Strategic Performance Management Systems and Role Ambiguity on Performance: A Qualitative Approach. InDevelopments and Advances in Intelligent Systems and Applications(pp. 15-27). Springer, Cham. Baidya, R., Dey, P.K., Ghosh, S.K. and Petridis, K., 2018. Strategic maintenance technique selection using combined quality function deployment, the analytic hierarchy process and the benefit of doubt approach.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,94(1-4), pp.31-44. Baird, T., 2018. Interest groups and strategic constructivism: business actors and border security policies in the European Union.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,44(1), pp.118-136. Baporikar, N., 2018. Critical Success Factors for Executives in Global Economy. InGeopolitics and Strategic Management in the Global Economy(pp. 40-56). IGI Global. Bergamaschi, S., Beneventano, D., Mandreoli, F., Martoglia, R., Guerra, F., Orsini, M., Po, L., Vincini, M., Simonini, G., Zhu, S. and Gagliardelli, L., 2018. From Data Integration to Big Data Integration. InA Comprehensive Guide Through the Italian Database Research Over the Last 25 Years(pp. 43-59). Springer International Publishing. Bryson, J.M., 2018.Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley Sons. Carugati, A., Fernndez, W., Mola, L. and Rossignoli, C., 2018. My choice, your problem? Mandating IT use in large organisational networks.Information Systems Journal,28(1), pp.6-47. Chan, R.L.Y., Mo, P.L.L. and Moon, K.K., 2018. Strategic and Tactical Measures in Managing Enterprise Risks: A Study of the Textile and Apparel Industry. InResearch, Practices, and Innovations in Global Risk and Contingency Management(pp. 1-19). IGI Global. Demertzis, K., Iliadis, L.S. and Anezakis, V.D., 2018. An innovative soft computing system for smart energy grids cybersecurity.Advances in Building Energy Research,12(1), pp.3-24. Ding, K., Jiang, P. and Su, S., 2018. RFID-enabled social manufacturing system for inter-enterprise monitoring and dispatching of integrated production and transportation tasks.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,49, pp.120-133. Foote, A. and Halawi, L.A., 2018. Knowledge Management Models within Information Technology Projects.Journal of Computer Information Systems,58(1), pp.89-97. Foote, A. and Halawi, L.A., 2018. Knowledge Management Models within Information Technology Projects.Journal of Computer Information Systems,58(1), pp.89-97. Hajrullahi, D., Idrizi, F. and Rahmani, B., 2018. The Implementation of the Document Management System DocMan as an Advantage for the Acceleration of Administrative Work in Macedonia. InInformation Technology-New Generations(pp. 951-954). Springer, Cham. Hassan, N.R. and Mathiassen, L., 2018. Distilling a body of knowledge for information systems development.Information Systems Journal,28(1), pp.175-226. Havakhor, T., Soror, A.A. and Sabherwal, R., 2018. Diffusion of knowledge in social media networks: effects of reputation mechanisms and distribution of knowledge roles.Information systems journal,28(1), pp.104-141. Kamariotou, M. and Kitsios, F., 2018. Strategic Information Systems Planning. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 912-922). IGI Global. Karajeh, H., Maqableh, M. and Masadeh, R., 2020. Privacy and Security Issues of Cloud Computing Environment. InProceedings of the 23rd IBIMA Conference Vision(pp. 1-15). Kasemsap, K., 2018. The importance of electronic commerce in modern business. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 2791-2801). IGI Global. Mao, S., Tu, E., Zhang, G., Rachmawati, L., Rajabally, E. and Huang, G.B., 2018. An Automatic Identification System (AIS) Database for Maritime Trajectory Prediction and Data Mining. InProceedings of ELM-2016(pp. 241-257). Springer, Cham. Peppard, J., 2018. Rethinking the concept of the IS organization.Information Systems Journal,28(1), pp.76-103. Sassen, S., 2018. The global city: Strategic site, new frontier. InMoving CitiesContested Views on Urban Life(pp. 11-28). Springer VS, Wiesbaden. Shen, Y., 2018. Data sharing practices, information exchange behaviors, and knowledge discovery dynamics: a study of natural resources and environmental scientists.Environmental Systems Research,6(1), p.9. Song, Y., Arnott, D. and Gao, S., 2018. Business intelligence system use in Chinese organizations. InAnalytics and Data Science(pp. 79-94). Springer, Cham. Tahir, M.N.H.B., 2020. Knowledge Captured as an Innovation Factor: The Application and Usage of Information and Communication Technology in The Malaysian Public Sector. Vom Brocke, J. and Mendling, J., 2018. Business process management cases.Digital innovation and business transformation in practice. Cham, Switzerland: Springer (Management for Professionals). Online verfgbar unter https://www. springer. com. Weinman, J., 2018. Strategic Applications of Big Data. InGuide to Big Data Applications(pp. 3-27). Springer International Publishing. Wu, S.J. and Raghupathi, W., 2018. The strategic association between information and communication technologies and sustainability: A country-level study. InSustainable Development: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 694-719). IGI Global.

The peyote plant Essay Example For Students

The peyote plant Essay Drug use has always been a topic of controversy, especially when it pertains to religion. One particular drug that has been brought to the attention of the federal government is Peyote. Peyote is a drug that has been used by the Native Americans for thousands of years. This drug, Peyote which has caused much controversy over the years has recently been reconsidered for legal use. Probably the most famous New World hallucinogenic plant is Peyote,(Lophoproria willamsii), a small spineless cactus, native to the Rio Grande Valleyof Texas. Also in the northern and central parts of the Mexican Plateau Region. Another species (Lidiffuss) is native to the Mexican State of Quertono. The rounded, gray-green stem crown (top) is radially divided into sections, eachoffering a small meristematic region (called an areole) from which arises a tuft of hairs. The crown tapers into a thick carrot-like root that extends into the ground(Mescal Bean N. Pag.). There are many different chemicals in the Peyote cactus, the main one being mescaline. Mescaline, which can be made in a lab, was isolated in 1919, resembling epinephrine, the adrenal hormone (Peyote 1 Pag). We will write a custom essay on The peyote plant specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Peyote cactus contains more than 50 different alkaloids, but the most active hallucinogen is mescaline. Mescaline has a chemical structure similar to the brainneurotransmitter dopamine (MescalBean N. Pag.). It is also structurally similar to the neurohormone norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and to the stimulant amphetamine. In the Peyote cactus, mescaline is formed in a complex path way from the Amino Acid tyrosine. Mescaline provides psychologic disorientation with brilliant, ever changing colors. Mescaline hallucinations produce audio visual affects, double personality, derealization (loss of sense of reality of environment) and depersonalization (shattered personality). Peyote was dried and eaten by Southwest Indians at religious services for sense of well being, hallucinations (visions) and trances (Peyote N. Pag.). Native Americans use this drug as part of their religious ceremonies. The users slice off and eat peyote crowns fresh or dried. Peyote buttons last years, swallowed whole or drunk in tea. According to Clairdone, large amounts of peyote can induce hallucinations, adherents say the quantities normally taken in religious rites bring on only an introspective mood that gives the user insight to the spiritual world. This is not something American Indians have made up in the past hundred years. Mescal Beans have been discovered in Indian sites dating before A.D. 1000, and from one site dating back to 1500 B.C. (Mescal Bean N. Pag.). Ever since the arrival of the first Europeans in the New World, Peyote has provoked controversy. Supression and persecution (Scnultes N. Pag.). Peyote, in its natural state is not a dangerous drug, however, synthetic peyote causes harmful side effects. According to the article Peyote 1 and magic Mushrooms, Synthetic peyote lowers blood pressure, depresses the central Nervous system and kills by respiratory failure. Since Peyote is a drug that produces hallucinogenic affects, the military reached an agreement with the Native American church to honor the use of peyote for Native Americans in the Military, except for those who operate nuclear weapons. Other restrictions were said to include a prohibition against the use of peyote on military vehicles, aircraft, or ships; a requirement to stop using the drug 24 hours before returning to active duty. According to Clairdone, Church sources said fears of hallucinogenic flashbacks that were raised by officials of the Strategic Air Command de layed formal implementation of the draft rules and raised bitter resentment among devout native Americans who use peyote as a sacrament. Individual states had made laws that honoredthe peyote ritual, but peyote was still considered an illegal drug. According to Guy Mount, in his article, Peyote and the Law, Three states have exempted peyote from controlled substance prohibitions, and do permit the Bona-Fide sacramental use of peyote by non-Indians who are members of an established church: these are New York, Arizona, and New Mexico. A recent decision by the Supreme Court of the United States (1990) makes it clear that we do not have a Constitutional right to use any controlled substance as a religious sacrament. Instead, each state has the right to pass laws which honor the peyote religion, or continue to suppress it. Peyote is significant to Native American religious rituals and has been approved by the government for that purpose. On the legal front, Native Americans are secure in their right to use peyote for religious purposes (Glazer N. Pag.). According to the article Peyote Bill Signed, President Clinton signed into law on Oct. 6 2000, that guarantees the right of Native Americans to possess, transport, and use peyote in the course of traditional religious ceremonies. The bill passed the Senate on September 27, and passed the house August 8 by a voice vote. The bill was introduced by congressman Bill Richardson (D-Wm) and garnered bi-partisan support as well as support from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 , .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .postImageUrl , .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 , .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:hover , .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:visited , .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:active { border:0!important; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:active , .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5 .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7700ad1127d6bfb1aed2838672e414a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Tempest: Caliban Unjustly Punished EssayThe passing of H.R. Y230, a bill amending the American Indian Religious Freedom Act into U.S. law, states that no federal government can enforce a law restricting traditional religious use of peyote by a member of an Indian tribe,Recognized by the United States Government (Glazer N. Pag.). In the article Peyote Okd, Non-native Americans were prosecuted for participating in the peyote ritual, but were acquitted because of the first amendment rights. The case concerned two drug counselors who lost their jobs for using peyote during Native American church religious rites. The court ruled that by denying these men their jobless benefits, the state violated the mens First Amendment right to freely practice their religion. After many years of controversy over the use of the peyote cactus, the American Federal government had finally accepted the use of peyote by native Americans, and has created a federal law which protects the religious rights of the people of the native American church. The victory over the battle of the use of peyote for native Americans is a giant step in regaining their heritage from its degradation by the American government. The legalization of peyote proves that not all drug uses are bad. Reconsidering peyote for legal use opens the door to other drug s, which may have been overlooked and improperly categorized as dangerous or harmful substances. Bibliography:Works CitedClaiborne, William. Military, Indian Church Agree On Peyote Online Availablehttp://www.seattletimes.com/news/nation-wo/peyo_19990630.htm,May 16, 2000. Glazer, Mark. Peyote among Huichols and Native American Church Members. Online Available http://www.panam.edu/dept/psychanth/peyote.htm, May 16, 2000. Mount, Guy. Peyote and the Law. Online Available http://www.druglibrary.org/Schaffer/lsd/peylaw.htm, May 16, 2000. The Mescal Bean and The Peyote Cactus. Online Available http://daphne.palomar.edu/wayne/ww0703.htm#peyote, May 16, 2000. Peyote 1 and Magic Mushrooms Online Available http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/lobby/5418/dd-peyote1.html, May 16, 2000. Peyote Bill Signed. Online Available http://ndsn.org/nov94/peyote.html, May 16, 2000. Peyote Okd in Indian Rites. Online Available http://www.ifas.org/fw/8901/peyote.html, May 16, 2000. Schultes, Richard E. and Albert Hoffman. The Tracks of Little Deer. Online Available http://www.peyote.org/, May 16, 2000.

Blackwater Draw - 12,000 Years of Hunting in New Mexico

Blackwater Draw - 12,000 Years of Hunting in New Mexico Blackwater Draw is an important archaeological site associated with the Clovis period, people who hunted mammoths and other large mammals in the North American continent between 12,500–12,900 calendar years ago (cal BP). When Blackwater Draw was first inhabited, a small spring-fed lake or marsh near what is now Portales, New Mexico was populated with extinct forms of elephant, wolf, bison, and horse, and the people who hunted them. Generations of many of the earliest occupants of the New World lived at Blackwater Draw, creating a layer cake of human settlement debris including Clovis (radiocarbon dated between 11,600–11,000 [RCYBP]), Folsom (10,800–10,000 years BP), Portales (9,800–8,000 RCYBP), and Archaic (7,000–5,000 RCYBP) period occupations. History of Blackwater Draw Excavations Evidence of the earliest occupation at what was to be known as the Blackwater Draw site was sent to the Smithsonian Institution in 1929, but full-scale excavation didnt happen until 1932 after the New Mexico roads department began quarrying in the neighborhood. Edgar B. Howard of the University of Pennsylvania Museum conducted the first excavations there between 1932–33, but he was hardly the last. Since then, excavators have included many of the best archaeologists in the New World. John L. Cotter, E. H. Sellards and Glen Evans, A.E. Dittert and Fred Wendorf, Arthur Jelinek, James Hester, and Jerry Harbour, Vance Haynes, William King, Jack Cunningham, and George Agogino all worked at Blackwater Draw, sometimes ahead of the sporadic gravel mining operations, sometimes not. Finally, in 1978, the site was bought by Eastern New Mexico University, who operate a small onsite facility and the Blackwater Draw museum, and to this day conduct archaeological investigations. Visiting Blackwater Draw Visiting the site is an experience not to be missed. In the intervening millennia since the prehistoric occupations of the site, the climate has dried out, and the remnants of the site now lie 15 feet and more below the modern surface. You enter the site from the east and wander down along a self-guided path into the depths of the former quarry operations. A large windowed shed protects the past and current excavations; and a smaller shed protects a Clovis-period hand-dug well, one of the earliest water control systems in the New World; and one of at least 20 total wells on-site, mostly dated to the American Archaic. The Blackwater Draw Museum website at Eastern New Mexico University has one of the best public programs describing any archaeological site. Go see their Blackwater Draw website for more information and pictures of one of the most important Paleoindian archaeological sites in the Americas. Selected Sources Andrews, Brian N., Jason M.  Labelle, and John D. Seebach. Spatial Variability in the Folsom Archaeological Record: A Multi-Scalar Approach. American Antiquity 73.3 (2008): 464–90. Print.Boldurian, Anthony T. Clovis Type-Site, Blackwater Draw, New Mexico: A History, 1929–2009. North American Archaeologist 29.1 (2008): 65–89. Print.Buchanan, Briggs. An Analysis of Folsom Projectile Point Resharpening Using Quantitative Comparisons of Form and Allometry. Journal of Archaeological Science 33.2 (2006): 185–99. Print.Grayson, Donald K., and David J. Meltzer. Revisiting Paleoindian Exploitation of Extinct North American Mammals. Journal of Archaeological Science 56 (2015): 177–93. Print.Haynes, C. Vance and James M. Warnica. Geology, Archaeology, and Climate Change in Blackwater Draw, New Mexico: F. Earl Green and the Geoarchaeology of the Clovis Type Site. Eastern New Mexico Contributions in Anthropology 15, 2012Seebach, John D. Stratigraphy and Bonebe d Taphonomy at Blackwater Draw Locality No. 1 During the Middle Holocene (Altithermal). Plains Anthropologist 47.183 (2002): 339–58. Print.

Conflict in Sierra Leone -Research Paper- Research Paper

Conflict in Sierra Leone - - - Research Paper Example The role of MNC’s and FDI in both developing and developed countries cannot be disputed; however, they have a participatory and perpetuating role in the conflicts within mineral rich regions of the world, such as Sierra Leone. The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Sierra Leone Conflict Introduction Natural resources have been a very critical source of national wealth and pride since the beginning of regionalization and the pre-colonization era. Nations and civilizations alike have gone to war – both internally and externally – for the sole occupation over and exploitation of natural resources. Under the modern globalized trading environment, countries endowed with natural resources ranging from minerals, oil, wildlife, gas and so forth have been able to accrue revenues from exploration and trade of said minerals with other countries of the world. Foreign exchange earned from the legitimate trade in the resources has been a critical drive for economic deve lopment providing employment and revenues to governments for the provision of essential public services including education, infrastructure and national security. Another significant impact of the globalization of trade and production, as well as the relative ease of mobility of capital compared to labor, is the emergence of business entities that are operated across borders, regions and continents but have a central office in the homeland from where all its global management is conducted. Such entities are often referred to as multinational or transnational corporations or enterprises (Garry & Litan, 1998). A more direct definition of multinational corporations (MNCs) would perhaps best be obtained by linking the business organization to the type of trade that it is involved in. Therefore, this being the case, a multinational corporation is a firm that has created a global presence by participating in direct foreign investments, in specific or several industries. Such global â€⠀œ often private – firms and international institutions are presently observed to be primary actors and vital agents for the transformation of the state, region and international political, social and economic environment. The question, therefore, is: How do MNCs develop ties with government, if such ties even exist? In an ever increasing competitive landscape, countries of all levels of development –particularly through their governments – are emphasizing policies and channeling resources into new ways of attracting foreign direct investments into their countries. This is in line with the high prioritization of both micro and macroeconomic goals including sustained high levels of economic growth, stability of inflation and foreign exchange, increased employment and improved standards of living for the total population. Multinational corporations play a significant role in the efficiency and growth of the economy by contributing to the availability of capital re sources for global investment purposes (Held & McGrew, 2007). Sierra Leone is located at the south-western part of West Africa between the seventh and tenth latitudinal parallels north of the Equator. It has a land mass measuring approximately 71,740 square kilometers and a total coastline of 402 kilometers (www.nationsencyclopedia.com, 2012). It is most difficult to measure the exact population in Sierra Leone due to the long and deadly civil war that mushroomed since 1991, stretching to the early

Construction method statement and risk assessment Research Proposal

Construction method statement and risk assessment - Research Proposal Example The study will also measure the impact on river life. Steps can be taken to reduce negative impact by designing the diversion channel to incorporate features. 1. Installation of welfare and sanitary facilities for workers on site. Risk assessment at this stage: Assessment of risks including financial risks associated with a cost plus contract, ecological risks, and competency risks associated with improper / insufficient training. The sequence of execution for the project: Setting out of the channel according to the design, including the location of the foot over bridge, and access and surrounding development. Blocking of area around start and end of diversion on river bed by creating rock levy. That shall be extended later to block the river. 1. Excavation of the diversion channel to correct depth and dimensions. Pouring plain concrete at bottom of diversion channel, and spray concrete along sides. 2. 3. Reinforcement and shuttering for sides and bottom of channel. 4. Shuttering and formwork with correct alignment and levels. Poring of concrete into formwork, and vibration to reduce air pockets within poured concrete. 5. Pouring and installation of foot overbridge using a 4 bag mixer (assuming channel width of approximately 10m). Surrounding development including walkways, plantation and safety / guardrails. Installation of lighting as required. Installation of metal ladders and other safety features to diversion channel. Painting of levels on channel sides. Provision of monitoring office to oversee operation during defect liability period. Flow testing. Commissioning. Blocking of existing riverbed at both ends. Apart from Health and safety issues as enumerated above, working with or in water involves risks arising due to the following: Water stagnation or flow. Fluctuation in levels and flow rates, either seasonal or daily. Tides, in case of proximity to see. Weather changes, including rain in upriver catchment areas. Diseases. Other users of water including boats, people, structures. Impact on plant and animal life. Some other general measures to mitigate health and safety risks for the project are: Flood warning system and foghorn. Public address system. Constantly available means of escape and evacuation for workers on site. Access to weather information in real-time. Study of soil

Description of 5 microbial diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Description of 5 microbial diseases - Essay Example B. bifidum produces vitamins like B6, B9 and B12 – a deficiency of these vitamins may lead to anemia. Bifidobacterium longum : Most of this bacteria is found in the colon but it also inhabits the stomach. It contributes to our organism by helping maintain equilibrium of intestinal flora, preventing intestinal tumors, and increasing the availability of food nutrients. Lactobacillus rhamnosus: This bacteria is known for its ability to survive under harsh conditions in the digestive system and urinary tract. It can help the organism fight against inflammation and infections by increasing virus and â€Å"bad† bacteria resistance. It is believed that L. rhamnosus helps the prevention of allergies and intestinal hypersensitivity. Bacillus coagulans: This gram-positive bacteria helps improve the vaginal flora, reliefs abdominal pain and bloating in people who suffer from Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and increases immune responses against viruses. Leprosy, also known as Hansens disease (HD), is a chronic intracellular bacterial infectious disease caused by a microorganism that mainly targets the skin and peripheral nerves. This disease has a sad past because people who had it were usually discriminated against and isolated from society. Today, however, it can be treated and cured. It is transmitted from one person to another. The contaminated germs can be expelled from one person through the mouth and inhaled by another individual, penetrating the nasal mucosa. The microorganism can also enter the body through open wounds in the skin. In this case, intimate and prolonged contact is necessary. That is why it is very important that family members of the individual diagnosed with leprosy be tested for the disease. The form that HD will be manifested will depend on the host immune response to the bacillus that causes the disease. Leprosy can be classified in five different forms from mild to severe: Indeterminate leprosy

The Doctrine Of Judicial Precedent Law Essay

The Doctrine Of Judicial Precedent Law Essay Judicial precedent also called case law. It is the system adopted by judges where the judges follow previous decisions.1It simply means that the previous decision made by judges in similar cases are binding upon future cases depending on the hierarchy of the court. Therefore, under judicial precedent, a lower court is bound to follow the decision made by a higher court when there is a case which has similar material facts to a case that has decided by a higher court. Whether or not the decision is correct, a court is bound to follow the ratio of any decision by a court above it in the hierarchy. For example, according to the hierarchy of the court system in Malaysia, Court of Appeal, High Court and Sessions Court is under Federal Court. Therefore, Federal Court decision automatically binds the Court of Appeal, High Court and Sessions Court. The diagram of hierarchy refers to appendix 1. In English Law, the system of binding precedent is called stare decisis. The principle of stare decisis involves ratio decidendi and obiter dictum. Ratio decidendi is the legal principle of the case which is binding on the lower courts. It is also the reason for deciding.2 Nevertheless, obiter dictum is not binding on the lower courts. Obiter dictum is comments made by the judges.3It means that incidental remarks by a judge which is persuasive only.4 Therefore, the judges have the choice whether to follow or not to follow. If the judges is setting a new precedent and merely making new law because there is a case before him is without precedent then it is called original precedent. However, is the judges is just merely applies an existing rule of law then it is called declaratory precedent. In the case of Donoghue v Stevenson 5, it is about the plaintiff, Mrs Donoghue went to a cafà © with a friend, who had bought her a drink of ginger beer. She had poured some of the drink into a glass and consumed it. After drinking most of it, she found a decomposed snail inside the bottle while she drinking the ginger beer. After that, Mrs Donoghue became unwell and ill. So, she decided to sue the manufacturer of the ginger beer who is the defendant. On that time, the usual remedy for damage caused by a defective product would be an action in contract. Nevertheless, Mrs Donoghue did not have any contract with the manufacturer of ginger beer even the cafà © owner. The one who have contract with the cafà © owner is Mrs Donoghues friend. This is because the ginger beer is bought by her friend but not Mrs Donoghue herself. Although Mrs Donoghues friend have contract with the cafà © owner, her friend also cannot sued for remedy damage because her friend did not get hurt by the ginger beer. As ginger beer was not a dangerous product, and the manufacturer had not fraudulently misrepresented it, the case also fell outside the scope of the established cases on product liability. 6 The House of Lords had state that the manufacturer of ginger beer owed a duty of care to the Mrs Donoghue. The manufacturer of ginger beer must have duty of care to the end customer of its products. In this case, the manufacture of ginger beer had breached the duty of care. Therefore, Mrs Donoghue is entitled for the remedy of damages. This case is binding on the lower courts because this was a unique case it was decided to first establish. Once this ratio or legal precedent was established other similar claims are followed. After that, there is another case which is Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd .7 This case is closely related to the Donoghue v Stevenson case. In Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd case, Dr Grant, the plaintiff had bought an undergarment from a retailer. The undergarment is manufactured by the defendant, Australian Knitting Mills Ltd. Dr Grant was contracted dermatitis. The undergarment was in a defective condition owing to the presence of excess of sulphite. It was found that the manufacturer had been negligently left in it in the process of manufacture. In this case, the buyer sued the retailer in contract and the manufacturer in tort. The Privy Council held that the defendants were liable to the plaintiff although there is no privity between Dr Grant and the manufacturer. The decision of this case is bound to the Donoghue v Stevenson case since there are similar cases. Here, In 2010, Mr. Justice Peter, a higher court judge sitting alone in deciding a case which has similar material facts to one decided by the Court of Appeal in 2009. Based on the explanation of doctrine of judicial precedent and the example of cases above, therefore, he is bound to the decision made by the Court of Appeal. ______________________________________________________________________________ TAR College Note TAR College Note TAR College Note Text book, Principles of Business and Corporate Law, Malaysia, pg 20 [1932] AC 562 Text book, Principles of Business and Corporate Law, Malaysia, pg 339 [1936] AC 85 Question 1(b) There are some strengths and weaknesses of case law as a source of law. The first advantage is uniformity. Everyone is treated equally1 and will get same punishment for the same case or offence. For example, in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562, the decision is Mrs Donoghue is entitled for the remedy of damages in the case. Therefore after that, this case is bind. So when there is case which has similar facts with this case Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd (1936) AC 85, the plaintiff is entitled for the claims of damages by following the case of Donoghue v Stevenson. There is uniformity as everyone is treated equally and it is fair for them. The second advantage will be certainty. There is certainty because if the problem has been solved before, the court is bound to adopt or follow the solution.2 Thus, the lawyer can do the research so that they can advise or tell more accurately to their client the punishment of the case. When Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd (1936) AC 85 happened, the lawyer can roughly know what is the punishment or solution to settle up this case as previously there is a similar case Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562 happened and the judges have to bind and follow the decision. Predictability is the third advantage. This is because when there are cases that have similar materials facts with the previous cases, the lawyers can roughly know what is the outcome of the new case. By forecasting the outcome of the case, the lawyers can tell their clients the percentage of the winning rate. [Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) and Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd (1936)] So, the lawyer can refer to Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) and tell their clients what is the percentage of winning the case and what are the solutions for that case or is it worth to continue up this case. Besides, the other advantage of case law is less legal cost incurred. This is because the case can be resolved and settled quickly3. When there is a decisions made by judges previously on similar material facts, they can save money. This is because there already have the previous examples, so they can settle the case quickly as they can follow the decisions of the previous one. Then this can shorten the duration of the case, and this can help to save up the legal costs that need to be paid. Other than that, personality of the judges will not influence the outcome of a dispute in court as judges will be bound to follow the previous decisions.4 When there is judicial precedent, the judges cannot make the decision by its own thinking or idea which might influence the offender future. This is because every person got their own personalities, included the judges themselves. So one of the advantages is the judges have to follow the previous decisions. So that everyone will get the same punishment and this is fair for everyone. On the other hand, case law has its disadvantages too which we known it as weaknesses. One of the weaknesses is bulky and complex. Sometimes there are too many cases and too many laws that no one can learn all of it.5 When there is a case happened which have the similar material facts with previous one, the lawyer has to refer to the previous case. When lawyer need to read all the cases and refer to them, it is quite complicated for lawyers as they do not know what is the best reference. For example, in the case of Phillips v Brooks [1919] 2 KB 243 Horridge J and Ingram v Little [1960] 3 All ER 332, CA. The results of these 2 cases are different, but there are similarity facts. Then, in the next case [Lewis v Averay [1971] 3 All ER 907, CA] the judges decided to follow the decision of Phillips v Brooks and doubting Ingram v Little. If the lawyer feels that the chance of winning is higher after see the result of case Ingram v Little, at the end it might disappointed them. So, it is so complicated and bulky for the lawyers as they cannot decide which one is the best refe rence for them. In addition of that, sometimes it is rigidity or not flexible which means that it may sometimes cause hardship.6 Once it is created it is binding until it is being overruled.7 When there are bad decisions made on previous cases, the new case which has the similar material facts with it has to follow the bad decision too. It is so unfair for them. Lastly, we know that only the ratio of the case is binding in a case.8 So the weakness of case law is sometimes the ratio decidendi of a case is very difficult to find. So the problem occurs when it is very difficult to tell which part is the ratio decidendi and which is the obiter dictum of the case. For example in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562, the House of Lords said the manufacturers had a duty of care to the consumer of their product. Then, this decision that the House of Lords made is certainly encouraging subsequent judges to break out of the shackles of the past, it was thought at the time to be obiter and was regarded as too wide a statement of the law. However, it was approved by Lord Reid in Home Office v Dorset Yacht [1970] 2 All ER 294 by saying that it is ought to apply unless there is some justification or valid explanation for its exclusion. Thus, the principle is now treated as ratio at least in relation to physical injury and damage to property whic h subject to certain limitations. So, sometimes it is difficult for the judges to decide which part is ratio and need to follow or not. ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. TAR College Note 2. TAR College Note 3. TAR College Note 4. TAR College Note 5. TAR College Note 6. TAR College Note 7. TAR College Note 8. TAR College Note

Ideology Essay -- British Politics

Ideology has played an important part in British politics for centuries. It played a part in the setting up of the three major parties as we know them today. Ideology is difficult to define as it is such as widely and loosely used term. Andrew Vincent as well as many other authors, Vincent describes ideology as, ‘the term ’ideology’ was a neologism compounded from the Greek terms eidos and logos. It can be defined as a ‘science of ideas’ (Vincent: 2009:p.1). Even from this definition it is difficult to fully understand the term ‘ideology’ as it has such a broad definition. The changing nature of British politics in the post-war era contributed to the level of importance that ideology had during this period. The post-war period became none as an era of consensus politics, the post-war consensus has been described by David Marsh as, ‘a distinct policy paradigm which shaped the strategic choices of Britain's leading political actors as they sought to build and then to preserve a 'New Jerusalem' from the damage created by the war’ (Marsh: 1999:p.67) this so called post-war consensus definitely played a part in the removal of ideology from British politics. Although the post-war consensus did remove the importance of ideology in British politics, there were periods within the post-war consensus where new ideologies emerged. Ideology was important in Clement Attlee’s government, which had a socialist policy agenda through the creation of the NHS and the advancement of the welfare state, in the 1980’s through the emergence of Thatcherism, as well as the creation of ‘New Labour’ in 1997 and even the current government can be seen as ideological. This essay will first look at the important role that ideology does have to play, and has play... ...the war. Although there has been times when ideology may be seen as unimportant, such as the post-war consensus, this can be seen as an ideology in itself due to the ambiguity of the term, as Hickson writes, ‘both the Labour and Conservative parties accepted the ideology of social democracy’ (Hickson: 2004: p.143). Therefore it is only fair to say that ideology has been important in British politics in the post-war era. Thatcher, Attlee and Blair were clearly ideologically motivated as their policies showed, but the post-war consensus can also be seen as a period of ideology that the major parties agreed on, and even the current government can be seen as promoting a new kind of ideology of compromise, ideology has and will continue to play an important role in British politics for centuries to come as ideologies adapt and evolve to fit the political circumstances.